Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Abstract
Weak research design, flawed data analysis, biased observation and poor discussions have encouraged the publication of nonreplicable or false findings in recent years. In the present study, different types of errors and biases and their role in prevalence of wrong data publications are discussed. The main reason for occurrence of wrong and nonreplicable findings is the great tendency for publishing favorable results and ignoring the unwanted ones. As most project sponsors and publication reviewers seek impressive results, it is becoming a routine procedure to either neglect the peculiar results or fix them. Many scientists publish erroneous results due to the lack of knowledge or cognitive biases. This can be avoided if the present science culture undergoes a substantive change. Researchers are usually under pressure to publish more papers, because institutions reward them on the quantity of their publications, this policy needs to change too. Here some methods are recommended to attain a decent science culture.
[1] Ioannidis, J.P.A. (2005), Why Most Published Research Findings Are False. PLoS Med 2(8): e124, p 0697-06701 [2] John, L.K. Loewenstein, G. Prelec, D. (2011) Measuring the Prevalence of Questionable Research Practices with Incentives for Truth Telling. Psychological Science 23(5) 524–532 [3] Smaldino, P.E. McElreath, R. (2016) The natural selection of bad science. R. Soc. open sci. 3: 160384. [4] کارل پوپسر ۱۳۹۵، زندگی سراسر حل مسئله است. ترجمه شهریار خواجیان. چاپ یازدهم ، ایران. [5] علی اصغر دهقان (۱۳۹۵) مغالطات. چاپ یازدهم، ایران انتشارات موسسه بوستان کتاب قم [6] رولف دوبلی (۱۳۹۵)، هنر شفاف اندیشیدن. ترجمه عادل فردوسی پور، بهزاد توکلی، علی شهروز، چاپ سی و سوم، نشر چشمه. [۷] صبوری، علی اکبر، اسنادعلمی ایران در سال ۲۰۱۵، نشاء علم، صفحات 92-102، ۱۳۹۵.
Saboury, A. A., Zolmajd Haghighi, Z., Ghasemi, A., Poursoleiman, A., & Aghaei, A. (2016). The Prevalence of Wrong and Nonreplicable Data Publication. Science Cultivation, 07(1), 21-27.
MLA
Ali Akbar Saboury; Zahra Zolmajd Haghighi; Atyeh Ghasemi; Atefeh Poursoleiman; Arsalan Aghaei. "The Prevalence of Wrong and Nonreplicable Data Publication". Science Cultivation, 07, 1, 2016, 21-27.
HARVARD
Saboury, A. A., Zolmajd Haghighi, Z., Ghasemi, A., Poursoleiman, A., Aghaei, A. (2016). 'The Prevalence of Wrong and Nonreplicable Data Publication', Science Cultivation, 07(1), pp. 21-27.
VANCOUVER
Saboury, A. A., Zolmajd Haghighi, Z., Ghasemi, A., Poursoleiman, A., Aghaei, A. The Prevalence of Wrong and Nonreplicable Data Publication. Science Cultivation, 2016; 07(1): 21-27.