The History and Types of Quantum Computers

Nayeh, Saeed; Dousti-Motlagh, Seyyed Nasibollah

The History and Types of Quantum Computers

Document Type : Promotion Article

Authors

Department of Defense Science and Technologies, Institute of Logistics and Defense Technology, Supreme National Defense University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

The field of quantum computing is one of the areas of new technologies known as quantum technologies. Quantum technologies are based on the laws and principles of quantum physics that govern subatomic world. These laws and principles presented since 1900 and changed our viewpoint toward matter construction.These principles and rules, since the second half of the twentieth century, have become the main parameters for formation of quantum technologies in many different fields such as electronics, medicine, and telecommunications and so on. Quantum computing is one of quantum technologies. Quantum computers are of very high computational power, being able to perform computations that take thousands of years with classical computers. Quantum computers do not have the limitations of classic computers. Although these computers, with absolute superiority over classic computers, have not been made yet, the built-in computers are highly efficient and have reached to commercial scale.The announcement of one of the quantum computers companies (D-Wave Systems) for collaboration to find a cure for COVID-19 is an example of the feasibility and high efficiency of these computers. This high computing power can be used in many other areas, including agriculture, finance, and cyber security and so on.In this article, after introducing quantum computers and their types in a simple and not so technical statement, we point out their potential applications in various fields. Furthermore, we present some suggestions for its implementation in our country.

Keywords

20.1001.1.2008935.1399.10.2.8.6

References

[1]. Morris Mano, M. and Ciletti, M. D. (2013). Digital Design, Fifth edition, Pearson Education, New Jersey, USA.
[2]. Nielsen, M. A. and Chuang, I. L. (2010). Quantum Computation and Quantum Information: 10th Anniversary Edition, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
[3]. Nakahara, M. and Ohmi, T. (2008). Quantum Computing - From Linear Algebra to Physical Realizations, CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, New York, USA.
[4]. McMahon, D. (2007). Quantum Computing Explained, John Wiley & Sons Inc., New Jersey, USA.
[5]. Benioff, P. (1980). The computer as a physical system: A microscopic quantum mechanical Hamiltonian model of computers as represented by Turing machines. Journal of Statistical Physics, Vol.22, PP. 563-591.
[6]. Deutsch, D. (1985). Quantum theory, the Church-Turing principle and the universal quantum computer. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series, Vol.400, No. 1818, PP. 97-117.
[7]. Deutsch, D. and Jozsa, R. (1992). Rapid Solution of Problems by Quantum Computation. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series, Vol. 439, Issue 1907, PP. 553-558.
[8]. Feynman, R.P. (1982). Simulating physics with computers. International Journal of Theoretical Physics, Vol. 21, PP. 467–488.
[9]. Shor, P. W. (1994). Algorithms for quantum computation: discrete logarithms and factoring. Proceedings 35th Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science, Santa Fe, NM, USA, PP. 124-134.
[10]. Chuang, I. L. and Yamamoto, Y. (1995). A Simple quantum computer. Physical Review A, Vol. 52, Issue 5, PP. 3489-3495.
[11]. Gulde, S., Riebe, M., Lancaster, G.P.T., Becher, C., Eschner, J., Haffner, H., Schmidt-Kaler, F., Chuang, I.L. and Blatt, R. (2003). Implementation of the Deutsch–Jozsa algorithm on an ion-trap quantum computer. Nature, Vol. 421, PP. 48-50.
[12]. Dicarlo, L., Chow, J.M., Gambetta, J.M., Bishop, L.S., Johnson, B.R., Schuster, D.I., Majer, J., Blais, A., Frunzio, L., Girvin, S.M. and Schoelkopf, R.J. (2009). Demonstration of two-qubit algorithms with a superconducting quantum processor. Nature, Vol. 460, PP. 240-244.
[13]. Solenov, D., Brieler, J. and Scherrer, J. F. (2018). The Potential of Quantum Computing and Machine Learning to Advance Clinical Research and Change the Practice of Medicine. Missouri Medicine, Vol.115, No. 5, PP. 463–467.
[14]. Allende López, Marcos; Da Silva, Marcelo Madeira, (2019), Quantum Technologies: Digital Transformation, Social Impact, and Cross-sector Disruption, ITE TechLab, Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0001613
[15]. Albash, T. and Lidar, D.A. (2018). Adiabatic quantum computation. Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 90, Issue 1, PP. 015002.
[16]. Briegel, H., Browne, D., Dür, W. et al. (2009). Measurement-based quantum computation. Nature Physics, Vol. 5, PP. 19–26.
[17]. Nayak, C., Simon, S.H., Stern, A., Freedman, M. and Das Sarma, S. (2008). Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 80, Issue 3, PP. 1083-1159.
[18]. National Academies of Sciences, E.M. and Sciences, D.E.P. and Board, I.C.S. and Board, C.S.T. and Computing, C.T.A.F.I.Q. (2018). Quantum Computing: Progress and Prospects. Edited by: Horowitz, M. and Grumbling, E., National Academies Press, USA.
[19]. Arute, F., Arya, K., Babbush, R. et al. (2019). Quantum supremacy using a programmable superconducting processor, Nature, Vol. 574, PP. 505–510.
[20]. Neukart, Florian, et al. (2017). Traffic flow optimization using a quantum annealer, Frontiers in ICT, Frontiers in ICT, Vol. 4, No 29.