[1]. مرندی، علیرضا، (1396)، مرجعیت علم و فناوری، فرهنگستان علوم پزشکی جمهوری اسلامی ایران، سند شماره 3171/ ف/ ع/و.
[2]. http://www.euro-acad.eu/abouttheacademy/
Duties-andresponsibilities
[3]. https://royalsociety.org/about-us/history/
[4]. http://www.nasonline.org/about-nas/history/
archives/founding-and-early-work.html
[5]. True, F. W. (1913), A History of the First Half-Century of the National Academy of Sciences, The Lord Baltimore Press, Baltimore, MD, USA. 205, 238, PP.16
[6]. Osgood, W. H., Preble, E. A., and Parker, G. H. (1915). The Fur Seals and Other Life of the Pribilof Islands, Alaska, in 1914, Government Printing Office, Washington DC. PP. 19-28.
[7]. Cochrane, R.C. (1978). National Academy of Sciences, the First Hundred Years, 1863-1963. NAS Printing and Publishing Office, Washington DC, PP. 180-206.
[8]. Ibid 7, PP. 200-240; "Minutes of the Council," June 1916, PP. 228–232; NAS, Annual Report for 1918, PP. 84–86; Grosvenor C.B. (1923). Industrial America in the World War: The Strategy Behind the Lines, 1917–1918, Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., PP. 389–390.
[9]. Ibid 7, PP.200-241; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.
gov/books/NBK217871/
[10]. Wessner, C.W. and Wolff, A.W. Editors (2012). Committee on Comparative National Innovation Policies: Best Practice for the 21st Century, Rising to the Challenge, U.S. Innovation Policy for the Global Economy, National Academies Press, Washington DC, PP. 189-198; Ibid 7, PP. 242-565.
[11] http://www.nationalacademies.org/about/what
wedo/index.html
[12] https://www.nasa.gov/exploration/about/acade
my.html
[13]. Gibson, E., Pappas, M.P. (2003). Starting Smart, The National Academies Press, Washington DC, USA, PP. 41-46; Board on Infrastructure and the Constructed Environment (2005). Implementing Health-Protective Features and Practices in Buildings: Workshop Proceedings - Federal Facilities Council Technical Report Number 148, The National Academies Press, Washington DC, USA, PP. 10-56.
[14]. Committee on Science, Engineering and Public Policy (2000). Science and Technology in the National Interest, the Presidential Appointment Process, National Academy of Sciences, National Academy Press, Washington DC, PP. 1-22.
[15]. Carnegie Commission (1993). Science, Technology and government for a Changing World, PP. 1-93; Golden, W.T. Editor (1993). Science and Technology Advice to the President, Congress, and Judiciary, 2nd Ed. AAAS Press, Washington, DC, PP. 21-111.
[16]. http://sites.national academies.org/PGA/step/ PGA_083849 (Academies Innovation Policy Forum)
[17]. http://www.pnas.org/site/aboutpnas/index.x
html (Proceedings of the National Academies of Sciences USA).
[18]. https://www.nap.edu/catalog/21712/the-power-of-change-innovation-for-development-and-deployment-of
[19]. https://nam.edu/programs/innovation-to-incubation/
[20]. http://sites.nationalacademies.org/PGA/step/
middleskilljobs/index.htm
[21]. خبرنامههای فرهنگستان علوم جمهوری اسلامی 1396-1393
[22]. بهزاد، م.، (1396)، گزارشی از فرهنگستان علوم قبل و بعد از انقلاب اسلامی ایران، نامه فرهنگستان علوم،1، ص.161
[23]. کریمیان، خ.، (1390)، زیر ساخت های دگر دیسی دانش به فناوری، نشاء علم، 1، ص.6
[24]. www.wipo.int/treaties/en/text.jsp?file_id=
288514; https://www.unido.org/fileadmin/user_ media/Legal/Paris_Convention.pdf; http://www.wipo.int/export/sites/www/about-ip
/en/iprm/pdf/ch5.pd;
[25]. Ganguli, P. (2003). Indian Path Towards TRIPS Compliance, World Patent Information, 25, PP. 143-149.
[26]. Maynard, J.T., Peters, H.M. (`1991), Understanding Chemical Patents, A Guide for the Inventor, American Chemical Society, Washington D.C., 1991.
[27]. Easterlin, R.A. (1999), Growth Triumphant, The Twenty First Century in Historical Perspective, The University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, PP. 21.
[28]. Dutta. S., Lanvin, B., Wunsch-Vincent, S. Editors )2016), The Global Innovation Index, World Property Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, PP. 27-166 ; Marquis, C., Raynard, M., (2015). “Institutional Strategies in Emerging Markets”, Academy of Management Annals, 9, 291-335; Thompson, D.F. (2013). Two Concepts of Corruption, Harvard University, Edmond J. Safra Center for Ethics, Working Paper 16, 1-24; Stein, H. (2008). Beyond the World Bank Agenda, An Institutional Approach to Development, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago USA, PP. 111-206.
[29]. Seyyed-Ghorab, McGlinn, S. (2008), The Essence of Modernity, Mirza Usef Khan Mostashar ad-Dowla Tabrizi, Treatise on Codified Law, (Yek Kalameh), Rosenberg Publishersand Purdue University Press, West Lafayette, IN, USA, PP. 109-118; .
[30]. Katouzian, H. (2015), The Persians, Yale University Press, New Heaven, CN, USA, PP. 152;
[31]. Ibid 30, p.17.
[32]. Lieberthal, K.G., Cheng Li, C., Yu Keping, Y. )2014), China’s Political Development, Brooking Institute Press, PP. 26-112, 279-286, 302-367.
[33]. Gurvich, E. (2016) Institutional Constraints and Economic Development, Russian J. Eco., 2, 349-374; Polischuk, L. (2013). Institutional Performance, The Oxford Handbook of the Russian Economy, PP. 189-220; Edquist, C. (2011). Design of Innovation Policy Through Diagnostic Analysis: Identification of Systemic Problems (or Failures) Ind. Corp Change, 20, 1725-1753.
[34]. http://www.scimagojr.com/ countryrank.php; http://www.idgconnect.com/abstract/9319/thescience-iran;
[35]. سخنرانی رهبری در دیدار با دانشگاهیان مورخ 1396/3/31 (http://www.leader.ir/fa/media/18585)
[36]. Weder, B. (2001), Institutional Reforms in Transition Economies, How Far Have we Come, International Monetary Funds Working Paper WP/01/114, PP. 1-26.
[37]. Acemoglu, D. and Robinson, J.A. (2013), Why Nations Fail, Random House, London, England, PP. 108-110, 209-212.
[38]. Fergguson, N. (2012), Civilization, Penguin Books, London, England, PP. 11-14, 77.
[39]. Weiner, M. and Huntington, S. (1987). Editors, Understanding Political Development, Scott, Foresman and Company, Glenview, IL, PP.183-185.
[40]. Shen, X., Tsai, K. (2016). Institutional Adaptability in China: Local Developmental Models Under Changing Economic Conditions, World Development, 87, 107-127.
[41]. https://www.oecd.org/site/adboecdanti-corruptioninitiative/39368062.pdf
[42] Lei, J. (1992). "The Political Economy of South Korean Development, International Sociology", 7, 28; Sirowy, L., Inkeles, A. (2007). "The Effect of Democracy on Economic Growth and Inequality", A Review, Comp. Soc., 6, 481-507.
[43]. کریمیان، خ.، (1392)، نقش بالقوه شیمی در ساختار اقتصادی و اجتماعی ایران، نشاء علم 1392، 4، 19