نشاء علم

نشاء علم

زیست‌تجزیه‌پذیری میکروپلاستیک‌ها با استفاده از باکتری‌ها

نوع مقاله : مقاله ترویجی

نویسنده
دانشکده علوم زیستی، دانشگاه تحصیلات تکمیلی علوم پایه زنجان، زنجان، ایران
چکیده
میکروپلاستیک‌ها به‌دلیل پایداری بالا، پراکندگی وسیع در محیط‌های زمینی، آبی و جوی، و همچنین توانایی تجمع زیستی، به‌عنوان یکی از معضلات مهم زیست‌محیطی و بهداشتی شناخته می‌شوند. استفاده از مواد افزودنی مضر در فرآیند تولید پلاستیک و دشواری تجزیه‌پذیری آن‌ها، حذف این آلاینده‌ها را با روش‌های صنعتی سنتی پیچیده کرده است. در این میان، زیست‌تجزیه‌پذیری میکروپلاستیک‌ها با استفاده از میکروارگانیسم‌ها به‌عنوان روشی پایدار و دوستدار محیط زیست مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. این مقاله به بررسی فرایند تجزیه میکروپلاستیک‌ها توسط باکتری‌ها می‌پردازد و مراحل تجزیه، آنزیم‌های کلیدی مانند استرازها، لیپازها، لاکازها و دپلیمرازها، و گونه‌های باکتریایی مؤثر را معرفی می‌کند. اگرچه این روش پتانسیل بالایی دارد، اما با چالش‌هایی مانند نرخ پایین تجزیه و زمان‌بر بودن فرآیند مواجه است. بنابراین، بهینه‌سازی سویه‌های میکروبی، بهبود عملکرد آنزیم‌ها و شرایط کشت می‌تواند نقش مهمی در توسعه راهکارهای زیست‌فناورانه برای حذف میکروپلاستیک‌ها ایفا کند.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

Bacterial Biodegradation of Microplastics

نویسنده English

Mitra Pirhaghi
Department of Biological Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan, Iran
چکیده English

Microplastics, due to their persistence, ubiquity, and potential to bioaccumulate, have emerged as a significant environmental and public health concern. Their widespread distribution across terrestrial, aquatic, and atmospheric compartments, coupled with the use of harmful additives in plastic manufacturing, complicates their degradation and removal using conventional industrial methods. In light of these challenges, microbial biodegradation has gained increasing attention as a sustainable and eco-friendly approach to mitigate microplastic pollution. This article explores the current understanding of bacterial degradation of MPs, highlighting the mechanisms, degradation stages, and the key role of microbial enzymes such as esterases, lipases, laccases, and depolymerases. Several bacterial genera have demonstrated promising degradative capabilities against common polymers such as PE, PET, PS, and PP. Despite its potential, microbial degradation faces limitations, including low degradation rates and lengthy processing times. Addressing these challenges through strain optimization, enzymatic enhancement, and improved culture conditions is essential for advancing biotechnological solutions for microplastic remediation.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

microplastics
plastic pollution
environmental destruction
biodegradation
bacteria
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  • تاریخ دریافت 26 مرداد 1404
  • تاریخ بازنگری 11 شهریور 1404
  • تاریخ پذیرش 19 شهریور 1404