[1]. Gerbens-Leenes, P.W., Hoekstra, A.Y., van der Meer, T. (2009). The water footprint of energy from biomass: a quantitative assessment and consequences of an increasing share of bio-energy in energy supply. Ecological economics, 68 (4), 1052–1060.
[2]. اعلائی شهمیرزادی، محمد امین، حسینی، سید سعید (1393). مدیریت شورابههای ناشی از نمکزدایی آب دریا از منظر محیط زیست، تحقیقات منابع آب ایران، سال 10، شماره 3، صص 112-104.
[3]. فدائی تهرانی، محمدرضا، ابارشی، مریم (1403). بررسی فنی، محیط زیستی و اقتصادی نمک زدایی آب شور و تحلیل شرایط برای ایران، نشریه علمی علوم و مهندسی آب و فاضلاب، سال 9، شماره 1، صص 85-71.
[4]. رازقی، ناصر (1395) فناوری های نمک زدایی در توسعه منابع آب (پیشگفتار)، نشریه آب و فاضلاب، سال 27، شماره 5، صص 2-1.
[5]. Mogashane, T. M., Maree, J. P., Mujuru, M., Mphahlele‐Makgwane, M. M. (2020). Technologies that can be used for the treatment of wastewater and brine for the recovery of drinking water and saleable products. Recovery of Byproducts from Acid Mine Drainage Treatment, 97-156.
[6]. Caniani, D., Masi, S., Mancini, I.M., Trulli, E. (2013). Innovative reuse of drinking water sludge in geo-environmental applications. Waste Management, 33(6), 1461-1468.
[7]. Ahmad, T., Ahmad, K., Alam, M. (2017). Sludge quantification at water treatment plant and its management scenario. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 189 (9), 1–10.
[8]. Zhao, Y.Q., Babatunde, A.O., Hu, Y.S., Kumar, J.L.G., Zhao, X.H. (2011). Pilot field-scale demonstration of a novel alum sludge-based constructed wetland system for enhanced wastewater treatment. Process Biochemistry, 46 (1), 278–283.
[9]. Ayoub, M., Abdelfattah, A. (2016). A parametric study of alum recovery from water treatment sludge. Water Science and Technology, 74(2), 516–523.
[10]. Kolarik, L.O., Priestley, A.J. (1995). Modern techniques in water and waste water treatments. CSIRO Publishing, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia, pp. 24– 38.
[11]. Żoczek, Ł., Dudziak, M. (2022). Types and valorization of sludge generated in water treatment processes. ACEE, 1, 115-121.
[12]. Jung, K.-W., Hwang, M.-J., Park, D.-S., Ahn, K.-H. (2016). Comprehensive reuse of drinking water treatment residuals in coagulation and adsorption processes. Journal of Environmental Management, 181, 425–434.
[13]. Mauter, M. S., Fiske, P. S. (2020). Desalination for a circular water economy. Energy and Environmental Science, 13(10), 3180-3184.
[14]. Ferronato, N., Rada, E.C., Gorritty Portillo, M.A., Cioca, L.I., Ragazzi, M., Torretta, V. (2019). Introduction of the circular economy within developing regions: a comparative analysis of advantages and opportunities for waste valorization. Journal of Environmental Management,230, 366–378.
[15]. MacArthur, E. (2013). Towards the circular economy. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 2(1), 23–44.
[16]. Curran, T., Williams, I. (2012). A zero waste vision for industrial networks in Europe. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 207, 3–7.
[17]. Smol, M., Adam, C., Preisner, M. (2020). Circular economy model framework in the European water and wastewater sector. Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, 22, 682-697.
[18]. Lee, P., Sims, E., Bertham, O., Symington, H., Bell, N., Pfaltzgraff, L., Sjögren, P., Wilts, C.H., O’Brien, M. (2017). Towards a Circular Economy: Waste Management in the EU; study. Europ. Union.
[19]. Wilson, H.E. (2003). Innovative reuse options for water treatment plant sludges. Deakin University.
[20]. Nguyen, M. D., Thomas, M., Surapaneni, A., Moon, E. M., Milne, N. A. (2022). Beneficial reuse of water treatment sludge in the context of circular economy. Environmental Technology and Innovation, 102651.
[21]. Maiden, P., Hearn, M., Boysen, R., Chier, P., Warnecke, M., Jackson, W. (2015). Alum sludge re-use, Investigation (10OS-42) prepared by GHD and Centre for Green Chemistry (Monash University) for the Smart Water Fund. Victoria, ACTEW Water and Seawater’, Melbourne, Australia.
[22]. Muisa, N., Nhapi, I., Ruziwa, W., Manyuchi, M.M. (2020). Utilization of alum sludge as adsorbent for phosphorus removal in municipal wastewater: a review. Journal of Water Process Engineering, 35, 101187.
[23]. Guine, J., Gorrée, M., Heijungs, R., Huppes, G., Kleijn, R., Udo de Haes, H., Van der Voet, E., Wrisberg, M. (2002). Life cycle assessment. In: An Operational Guide to ISO Stand, Vols: 1-3.
[24]. Pradel, M., Aissani, L., Villot, J., Baudez, J.-C., Laforest, V. (2016). From waste to added value product: towards a paradigm shift in life cycle assessment applied to wastewater sludge – a review. Journal of cleaner production, 131, 60–75.
[25]. Pestana, C.J., Reeve, P.J., Sawade, E., Voldoire, C.F., Newton, K., Praptiwi, R., Collingnon, L., Dreyfus, J., Hobson, P., Gaget, V. (2016). Fate of cyanobacteria in drinking water treatment plant lagoon supernatant and sludge. Science of the Total Environment, 565, 1192–1200.
[26]. Ahmad, T., Ahmad, K., Alam, M. (2021). Simultaneous modelling of coagulant recovery and reuse by response surface methodology. Journal of Environmental Management, 285, 112139.
[27]. Tetteh, E.K., Rathilal, S. (2019). Application of organic coagulants in water and wastewater treatment. Organic Polymers, 51.
[28]. Lim, B.-C., Lim, J.-W., Ho, Y.-C. (2018). Garden cress mucilage as a potential emerging biopolymer for improving turbidity removal in water treatment. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 119, 233–241.
[29]. Ozairi, N., Mousavi, S.A., Samadi, M.T., Seidmohammadi, A., Nayeri, D. (2020). Removal of fluoride from water using coagulation-flocculation process: a comparative study. Desalination and Water Treatment, 180, 265–270.
[30]. Iwuozor, K. O. (2019). Prospects and challenges of using coagulation-flocculation method in the treatment of effluents. Advanced Journal of Chemistry-Section A, 2(2), 105-127.
[31]. Sales, A., de Souza, F.R., Almeida, F.d.C.R. (2011). Mechanical properties of concrete produced with a composite of water treatment sludge and sawdust. Construction and Building Materials, 25 (6), 2793–2798.
[32]. Kurniawan, S. B., Abdullah, S. R. S., Imron, M. F., Said, N. S. M., Ismail, N. I., Hasan, H. A., Othman, A.R., Purwanti, I. F. (2020). Challenges and opportunities of biocoagulant/bioflocculant application for drinking water and wastewater treatment and its potential for sludge recovery, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(24), 9312.
[33]. Nayeri, D., Mousavi, S. A. (2022). A comprehensive review on the coagulant recovery and reuse from drinking water treatment sludge. Journal of Environmental Management, 319, 115649.
[34]. Elliott, H. A., Dempsey, B. A., Hamilton, D. W., DeWolfe, J. R. (1990). Land application of water treatment sludges: impact and management. Am. Water Works Assoc. Res. Foundation, Denver, CO.
[35]. Wang, X., Shi, C., Hao, X., van Loosdrecht, M. C., Wu, Y. (2023). Synergy of phosphate recovery from sludge-incinerated ash and coagulant production by desalinated brine. Water Research, 231, 119658.
[36]. Zhao, Y., Liu, R., Awe, O.W., Yang, Y., Shen, C. (2018). Acceptability of land application of alum-based water treatment residuals–an explicit and comprehensive review. Chemical Engineering Journal, 353, 717–726.
[37]. Gilmour, D., Jorat, E., Minto, A., Tierney, I., Aitkenhead, M., Coull, M., Hough, R. (2022). Applying drinking water treatment residuals to land: opportunities and implications.
[38]. Mattoso, A. P., Cunha, S., Aguiar, J., Duarte, A., Lemos, H. (2024). Valorization of water treatment sludge for applications in the construction industry: a review. Materials, 17(8), 1824.
[39]. Ramirez Zamora, R., Ayala, F.E., Garcia, L.C., Moreno, A.D., Schouwenaars, R. (2008). Optimization of the preparation conditions of ceramic products using drinking water treatment sludges. Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part A, 43 (13), 1562–1568.
[40]. Niwagaba, C.B., Ayii, A.E., Kibuuka, A.O., Pomi, R. (2019). Possibilities for the use of sludge from A drinking water treatment plant at Ggaba III in Kampala, Uganda. Detritus, 6, 59–67.
[41]. Herreno, ˜ L.C.F., Solano, D.M.V., Sarabia, K.D.R., P´erez, J.O.C., Quintero, A.A.M. (2019). Drinking water treatment sludge as a partial substitute for clays in nonstructural brick production. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 1409, No. 1, p. 012013). IOP Publishing.
[42]. Dohim, M.A., Abdelaal, A., Beheary, M.S., Abdullah, N.A., Razek, T.M.A. (2019). Compressive strength of geopolymeric cubes produced from solid wastes of alum industry and drinking water treatment plants. Egyptian Journal of Chemistry, 62(12), 2331-2340.
[43]. Cremades, L.V., Cusidó, J.A., Arteaga, F. (2018). Recycling of sludge from drinking water treatment as ceramic material for the manufacture of tiles. Journal of Cleaner Production, 201, 1071–1080.
[44]. Gomes, S.D.C., Zhou, J.L., Li, W., Long, G. (2019). Progress in manufacture and properties of construction materials incorporating water treatment sludge: a review. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 145, 148–159.
[45]. Gerard, O., Numan, A., Krishnan, S., Khalid, M., Subramaniam, R., Kasi, R. (2022). A review on the recent advances in binder-free electrodes for electrochemical energy storage application. Journal of Energy Storage, 50, 104283.
[46]. Afif, A., Rahman, S. M., Azad, A. T., Zaini, J., Islan, M. A., Azad, A. K. (2019). Advanced materials and technologies for hybrid supercapacitors for energy storage–A review. Journal of Energy Storage, 25, 100852.
[47] Raghavendra, K. V. G., Vinoth, R., Zeb, K., Gopi, C. V. M., Sambasivam, S., Kummara, M. R.,
Obaidat, I.M., Kim, H. J. (2020). An intuitive review of supercapacitors with recent progress and novel device applications. Journal of Energy Storage, 31, 101652.
[48]. Benoy, S. M., Pandey, M., Bhattacharjya, D., Saikia, B. K. (2022). Recent trends in supercapacitor-battery hybrid energy storage devices based on carbon materials. Journal of Energy Storage, 52, 104938.
[49]. Augustyn, V., Simon, P., Dunn, B. (2014). Pseudocapacitive oxide materials for high-rate electrochemical energy storage. Energy and Environmental Science, 7(5), 1597-1614.
[50]. Vangari, M., Pryor, T., Jiang, L. (2013). Supercapacitors: review of materials and fabrication methods. Journal of Energy Engineering, 139(2), 72-79.
[51]. Iqbal, J., Numan, A., Rafique, S., Jafer, R., Mohamad, S., Ramesh, K., Ramesh, S. J. E. A. (2018). High performance supercapattery incorporating ternary nanocomposite of multiwalled carbon nanotubes decorated with Co3O4 nanograins and silver nanoparticles as electrode material. Electrochimica Acta, 278, 72-82.
[52]. Bhat, S. A., Kumar, V., Kumar, S., Atabani, A. E., Badruddin, I. A., Chae, K. J. (2023). Supercapacitors production from waste: a new window for sustainable energy and waste management. Fuel, 337, 127125.
[53]. Li, Y., Jia, X., Li, X., Liu, P., Zhang, X., Guo, M. (2023). Study on the potential of sludge-derived humic acid as energy storage material. Waste Management, 162, 55-62.
[54]. Du, Z., Wang, Q., Du, Y., Xu, Q., Wang, D., Zhang, W. (2022). Obtaining high-value nitrogen-containing carbon nanosheets with ultrahigh surface area from waste sludge for energy storage and wastewater treatment. Science of the Total Environment, 805, 150353.
[55]. Nkuna, S. G., Olwal, T. O., Chowdhury, S. D., Ndambuki, J. M. (2024). A review of wastewater sludge-to-energy generation focused on thermochemical technologies: an improved technological, economical and socio-environmental aspect. Cleaner Waste Systems, 7, 100130.
[56] Mouratib, R., Oularbi, L., Achargui, N., El Krati, M., Younssi, S. A., Tahiri, S., El Rhazi, M. (2022). Carbon paste electrode modified with Al-and Si-rich water treatment sludge for Bisphenol-A detection. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 10(4), 108072.
[57] Kazemi, A.S., Arshia, M.J., Khabazian, A. (2025). Sea water desalination sludge properties and applications; from membranes to energy storage devices, In peer review.
