نشاء علم

نشاء علم

نگاهی به اقتصاد زیستی پایدار: راه سبز توسعه ملی

نوع مقاله : مقاله ترویجی

نویسنده
پژوهشکده زیست فناوری کشاورزی، پژوهشگاه ملی مهندسی ژنتیک و زیست فناوری، تهران، ایران
چکیده
گذار جهانی به‌سوی اقتصاد زیستی را می‌توان یکی از مهم‌ترین روندهای توسعه پایدار قرن بیست‌ویکم قلمداد کرد. شاهد این مدعا، تلاقی دو جریان عمده است که یکی بر حکمرانی جهانی توسعه پایدار تمرکز دارد، و دیگری از دل تغییر پارادایم اقتصادی مسلط سرچشمه می‌گیرد. جریان نخست را باید در تحول مناسبات سیاستی مرتبط با اقلیم در سه دهه اخیر جستجو کرد، حال آنکه جریان دوم را باید نشات‌گرفته از پیشرفت‌های علمی حوزه اقتصاد و زیست‌شناسی دانست که شکوفایی آن را در اعطای جوایز نوبل ۲۰۱۸ تا 2025 در این دو حوزه شاهد بوده‌ایم. بدین ترتیب، اقتصاد زیستی که به معنای استفاده هوشمندانه و پایدار از دارایی‌های زیستی تجدیدپذیر برای تولید اطلاعات، کالا، خدمات و نوآوری شناخته می‌شود، همان روند تحول‌آفرینی است که می‌تواند توسعه اقتصادی را با اهداف اقلیمی همسو سازد و اکنون در قلب راهبرد‌های اجرایی مدیریت تغییرات اقلیمی در سرتاسر جهان واقع شده است. ایران با برخورداری از تنوع زیستی گسترده، زیست‌توده فراوان، منابع دریایی متنوع و ظرفیت‌های فزاینده در زیست‌فناوری، می‌تواند سهمی مؤثر در این تحول جهانی داشته باشد. با این حال، ضعف در سیاست‌گذاری، ناهماهنگی نهادی، و کمبود سرمایه‌گذاری فناورانه موجب شده است که این فرصت‌ها در عمل به کار گرفته نشوند. این مقاله با رویکرد تحلیلی و اسنادی، جایگاه ایران را در این گذار جهانی بررسی می‌کند. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که ایران در صورت تمرکز بر زیست‌توده‌ها، پسماند، منابع دریایی و زیست‌فناوری، و تقویت پیوند میان علم، فناوری و طراحی می‌تواند نقش پیشرو در اقتصاد زیستی خاورمیانه کسب کند.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

A Look at a Sustainable Bioeconomy: The Green Path to National Development

نویسنده English

Seyed Mehdi ALAVI
Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
چکیده English

The global transition towards a bioeconomy can be considered one of the most important trends in 21st-century sustainable development. Evidence for this claim lies at the intersection of two main streams: one focusing on the global governance of sustainable development, and the other originating from the paradigm shift of the dominant economic model. The first stream can be traced to the evolution of climate-related policy frameworks over the past three decades, while the second must be seen as stemming from scientific advances in the fields of economics and biology, whose flourishing we have witnessed through the Nobel Prizes awarded from 2018 to 2025 in these two fields. Thus, the bioeconomy—understood as the smart and sustainable use of renewable biological assets to produce information, goods, services, and innovation—is precisely the transformative trend that can align economic development with climate goals and is now at the heart of operational strategies for managing climate change worldwide. Endowed with extensive biodiversity, abundant biomass, diverse marine resources, and growing capacities in biotechnology, Iran can play an effective role in this global transformation. However, weaknesses in policymaking, institutional misalignment, and a shortage of technological investment have prevented these opportunities from being utilized in practice. Using an analytical and documentary approach, this article examines Iran's position in this global transition. The findings indicate that by focusing on biomass, waste, marine resources, and biotechnology, and by strengthening the link between science, technology, and design, Iran can assume a leading role in the Middle Eastern bioeconomy.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Bioeconomy
Renewable Biological Assets
Biomass
Biotechnology
Seventh Development Plan
[1] علوی، س. م. (1403). اقتصاد زیستی: مبانی دانشی، راهبردهای سیاستی و نوآوری‌های صنعتی. مرکز نشر دانشگاهی. تهران، ایران.
[2] Sustainable business COP30. (2025). bioeconomy: Working group document. ISBN 978-85-7957-252-4. Retrieved November 8, 2025, from https://sbcop30.com/documents
[3] Morone, P., D'Amato, D., Befort, N., & Yilan, G. (2023). The circular bioeconomy: Theories and tools for economists and sustainability scientists. Cambridge University Press.
[4] Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2012). Recommendation of the Council on Assessing the Sustainability of Bio-based Products (OECD/LEGAL/0395). OECD iLibrary. Retrieved October 30, 2025, from https://legalinstruments.oecd.org/en/instruments/OECD-LEGAL-0395
[5] The Prize in Economic Sciences 2018. (2018, October 8). NobelPrize.org. Retrieved October 30, 2025, from https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2018/summary/
[6] The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2018. (2018, October 3). NobelPrize.org. Retrieved October 30, 2025, from https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2018/summary/
[7] The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2025. (2025, October). NobelPrize.org. Retrieved October 30, 2025, from https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2025/summary/
[8] Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (2025). Sustainable bioeconomy for agrifood systems transformation. Retrieved October 31, 2025, from https://www.fao.org/in-action/sustainable-and-circular-bioeconomy/resources/news/details/en/c/1743149/
[9] Department of Science, Technology and Innovation, Republic of South Africa. (2025, September 22). G20 Initiative on Bioeconomy meeting charts path to a sustainable bioeconomy. Retrieved October 31, 2025, from https://www.dsti.gov.za/index.php/media-room/latest-news/4812-g20-initiative-on-bioeconomy-meeting-charts-path-to-a-sustainable-bioeconomy
[10] Rösch, C. (2023). Bioeconomy. In Handbook of the Anthropocene: Humans between Heritage and Future (pp. 1101-1106). Cham: Springer International Publishing.
[11] Boldt, C., Kambach, K., Reich, M., & Teitelbaum, L. (2020). Expanding the bioeconomy. Secretariat of the Global Bioeconomy Summit 2020. Retrieved October 01, 2025 from https://www.iacgb.net/lw_resource/datapool/systemfiles/elements/files/1e21d887-42ed-11ec-9c33-dead53a91d31/current/document/GBS2020_IACGB-Communique.pdf
[12] OECD. Publishing. (2009). The bioeconomy to 2030: Designing a policy agenda. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
[13] Hausknost, D., Schriefl, E., Lauk, C., & Kalt, G. (2017). A transition to which bioeconomy? An exploration of diverging techno-political choices. Sustainability, 9(4), 669.
[14] Helmreich, S., & Labruto, N. (2018). Species of biocapital, 2008, and speciating biocapital, 2017. The palgrave handbook of biology and society, 851-876.
[15] Chui, M., Evers, M., Manyika, J., Zheng, A., & Nisbet, T. (2023). The bio revolution: Innovations transforming economies, societies, and our lives (S. M. Alavi, Trans.). Tehran: National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology. (Original work published 2023)
[16] Wydra, S. (2020). Measuring innovation in the bioeconomy–Conceptual discussion and empirical experiences. Technology in Society, 61, 101242.
[17] Philp, J. (2021). Biotechnologies to Bridge the Schism in the Bioeconomy. Energies, 14(24), 8393.
[18] Kircher M. (2019). Bioeconomy: Markets, Implications, and Investment Opportunities. Economies 7, 73; doi:10.3390/economies7030073
[19] Madani, K. (2014). Water management in Iran: what is causing the looming crisis?. Journal of environmental studies and sciences, 4(4), 315-328.
[20] Wang, F., Wong, W. K., Wang, Z., Albasher, G., Alsultan, N., & Fatemah, A. (2023). Emerging pathways to sustainable economic development: An interdisciplinary exploration of resource efficiency, technological innovation, and ecosystem resilience in resource-rich regions. Resources Policy, 85, 103747.
[21] Nordhaus, W. (2019). Climate change: The ultimate challenge for economics. American Economic Review, 109(6), 1991-2014.
[22] U.S.K. Energy. (2023, November 28). Iran's renewable energy prospects and challenges. Retrieved October 31, 2025 from https://uskenergy.com/irans-renewable-energy-prospects-and-challenges/
[23] Yousefi, M. (2025). Challenges and opportunities for biodiversity governance in Iran. Nature Reviews Biodiversity, 1-2.
[24] Convention on Biological Diversity. (n.d.). Iran (Islamic Republic of) - Country profile. Retrieved October 31, 2025 from https://www.cbd.int/countries/profile?country=ir
[25] مینایی، س.، مرتضوی، س. م.، و صائبی، ع. (1402). بازیافت ضایعات کشاورزی در ایران: کنکاشی آماری پیرامون دو دهه فعالیت. مدیریت ضایعات و پسماندهای کشاورزی، (9) 5، 28-19.
[26] Saidi, M., EskandarianBrojeni, M., Kini, K. R., Prakash, H. S., & Niranjana, S. R. (2014). Biotechnology in Iran and India: Necessities and capacities for cooperation. Journal of Global Trends in Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5(4), 2145-2150.
[27] Baghai, Gerannaz (2011). National system of innovation in biotechnology in a developing country – a Gerschenkronian approach to biopharmaceuticals and bioagriculture in Iran. University of Sussex. Thesis. https://hdl.handle.net/10779/uos.23315477.v1
[28] Mahboudi, F., Hamedifar, H., & Aghajani, H. (2012). Medical biotechnology trends and achievements in iran. Avicenna journal of medical biotechnology, 4(4), 200–205.
[29] Ahmadieh-Yazdi, A., Imani, B., Jalali, A., Piryaei, F., & Dalirfardouei, R. (2025). Bridging the Skills Gap: Insights and Recommendations for Updating Medical Biotechnology Master's Curriculum in Iran. Avicenna journal of medical biotechnology, 17(2), 147–156. https://doi.org/10.18502/ajmb.v17i2.18566
[30] de Graaf, I., Papadimitriou, A., van der Peijl, S., Cuartas-Acosta, A., Hüsing, T., Korte, W., ... & Morone, P. (2022). Promoting Education, Training and Skills across the Bioeconomy. Final Report. European Union.
[31] مرکز پژوهش‌های مجلس شورای اسلامی. (1403). قانون برنامه پنجساله هفتم توسعه اقتصادی، اجتماعی و فرهنگی جمهوری اسلامی ایران (۱۴۰۳۱۴۰7). برگرفته در مورخ 8 آبان 1404 از .https://rc.majlis.ir/fa/law/show/1789682
[32] Dale, B. E. (2025). Rethinking the sustainable bioeconomy at a turning point in my life. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining, 19(1), 7-8.
[33] Richter, S., Szarka, N., Bezama, A., & Thrän, D. (2025). Enhancing the circular bioeconomy transition in Germany: A systematic scenario analysis. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 53, 125-146.
[34] Laasonen, V. (2024). Building dynamic capabilities in the transition toward a knowledge-based bioeconomy: a case study of three Finnish regions. Regional Studies, 58(6), 1308-1319.
[35] Judijanto, L. (2025). transformation towards a green economy: literature review and practical implications. international journal of financial economics, 2(1), 125-135.
[36] Sarsaiya, S., Jain, A., Shu, F., Jia, Q., Gong, Q., Wu, Q., ... & Chen, J. (2025). Unveiling the potential of dendrobine: insights into bioproduction, bioactivities, safety, circular economy, and future prospects. Critical Reviews in Biotechnology, 1-19.
[37] He, Z., & Gu, S. (2025). Sustainable development of a low-carbon supply chain economy based on the internet of things and environmental responsibility. International Journal of Sustainable Development, 28(1), 1-23.
[38] Aghion, P., Antonin, C., & Bunel, S. (2021). The power of creative destruction: Economic upheaval and the wealth of nations. Harvard University Press.
[39] Hinderer, S., Brändle, L., & Kuckertz, A. (2021). Transition to a sustainable bioeconomy. Sustainability, 13(15), 8232.
[40] European Commission. (2022). European bioeconomy policy – Stocktaking and future developments: Report from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions. Publications Office of the European Union. https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2777/997651
[41] افشون،ک.، نجاتی، م.، جلائی اسفندآبادی، س. ع.، و صادقی، ز. (1404). ارزیابی اثرات مالیات کربن بر بخش صنعت در کشورهای توسعه‌یافته و درحال توسعه با استفاده از یک مدل تعادل عمومی پویا. پژوهش‌ها و چشم‌اندازهای اقتصادی، (1) 25، 61-31
[42] Dietz, T., Jovel, K. R., Deciancio, M., Boldt, C., & Börner, J. (2023). Towards effective national and international governance for a sustainable bioeconomy: A global expert perspective. EFB Bioeconomy Journal, 3, 100058.
[43] Diakosavvas, D., & Frezal, C. (2019). Bio-economy and the sustainability of the agriculture and food system: Opportunities and policy challenges (OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers, No. 136). OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/d0ad045d-en
 
 
 
 

  • تاریخ دریافت 18 مهر 1404
  • تاریخ بازنگری 15 آبان 1404
  • تاریخ پذیرش 17 آبان 1404