تغییرات اقلیم،گرمایش جهانی و دیابت

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 مرکز تحقیقات بیوشیمی و بیوفیزیک، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

2 دانشکده علوم زیستی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

افزایش میانگین دمای زمین به میزان 4 / 0 درجه سانتی گراد از سال ۱۹۷۵ تا ۲۰۰۰ میلادی، محققان را به یقین رسانیده است که گرمایش جهانی کره زمین آغاز شده است . یک درجه سانتیگراد افزایش درجه حرارت ، جو را قادر می سازد تا ۶ درصد بخار آب بیشتری را نگاه دارد. این موضوع باعث کمبود بیش از پیش آبهای شیرین و قابل دسترس برای ساکنان زمین خواهد بود. تغییرات یاد شده و نا پایداری های سیستم های آب و هوایی سبب تغییراتی گسترده و غیر منتظره در محیط زیست کره زمین شده است. افزایش وقایع مربوط به پدیده ال نینو از سال های میانی دهه هشتاد در قرن بیستم و رخداد «اثر جزیره گرمایی » در بسیاری از مناطق شهری، افزایش گرمای هوا به مقدار ۴ تا ۵ درجه سانتی گراد را به دنبال خواهد داشت. . تغییر در آب و هوای جهان، دامنه تغییرات گسترده ای را برای سلامت انسان ایجاد کرده است. رخدادهای شدید آب و هوایی با درگیر کردن جمعیت های بزرگ انسانی در موقعیت های غیر طبیعی و قرار دادن آنها در معرض تنش های گرمایی، کمبود آب و غذای مناسب، تغییرات نامطلوب فیزیولوژیک و افزایش خطر ابتلا به بیماری های مزمن و مخاطره آمیزی نظیر دیابت را به دنبال آورده است. همچنین ضرورت گریز از این شرایط نامطلوب، هجوم روستاییان به شهرها و اتخاذ زندگی مدرن و صنعتی را موجب شده است. پیامد این مهاجرت نامبارک، تراکم جمعیتی بالای شهرها، تشکیل زاغه ها و حومه های شهری پرتراکم و بدون امکانات شهری، ، تغذیه نامناسب یا نادرست ، نبود زیر ساخت های شهری مانند فضای سبز مناسب و کافی ، سامانه های حمل و نقل عمومی ، امکانات بهداشتی و در کنار آن آلودگی مستقیم و غیر مستقیم هوا ، آب و منابع زیرزمینی، نبود تحرک فیزیکی مناسب و انواع نگرانی ها بوده است. بدون شک این عوامل همگی از عوامل تخریبی و فعال کننده مسیرهای نامطلوب زیستی و بویژه ایجاد پتانسیل بالا برای ابتلا به دیابت محسوب می شود. در این مقاله به بررسی تفصیلی هر یک از این عوامل و چگونگی اثرگذاری آنها بر افزایش جمعیت بیماران مبتلا به دیابت خواهیم پرداخت.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Climate Changes, Global Warming and Diabetes

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Behnam-Rad 1
  • Fereshteh Taghavi 2
  • Faezeh Moosavi-Movahedi 1
  • Ali Akbar Moosavi-Movahedi 1
1 Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
2 Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

The 0.4 ° C increment in earth’s average temperature from 1975 to 2000 has certified the researchers that the earth global warming has been started. Atmosphere will enable to hold water vapor up to 6 percent, just by 1 ° C rising in the temperature. This matter provides more deficiency of available fresh water for earth residents. These changes and climate system instability make the widespread and unexpected changes in the earth’s environment. The increment of El Niño events from the mid-eighties of the twentieth century and the occurrence of “heat island effect” in many urban areas, will follow by increasing 4 to 5 ° C in heat temperature. Any changes in the world’s climate can create a wide range of human health. The involvement of large human populations in abnormal situations by extreme weather events, and their encounter with risk of heat stress, lack of water and improper nutrition lead them to adverse changes in physiological condition and increased risk of chronic and serious diseases such as diabetes. The need to avoid from adverse conditions has been caused the influx of rural to urban and their adoption of modern industrial life. Cities high population, the formation of crowded slums and suburbs without suitable facilities, inadequate or improper nutrition, lack of urban infrastructure such as adequate green space, public transport systems, health facilities, direct and indirect contamination of air, water and resources, lack of physical mobility considered as the consequence events of this inauspicious migration. These are all destructive factors for activation of undesirable biological pathways and potential diabetes formation. In this paper, these factors and their impact on the population of diabetic patient were surveyed and discussed in details.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Diabetes
  • Climate changes
  • Stress
  • Greenhouse gases
  • Urbanization
  • Air pollution
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