تازه های علمی در مورد بیماری ام-اس

نوع مقاله : مقاله ترویجی

نویسندگان

1 موسسه ملی بهداشت،وزارت بهداشت آمریکا

2 دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی تهران

چکیده

مالتیپل اسکلروزیس یا اسکلروزیس ماهیچه‌‎ای (ام-اس) : یک بیماری مزمن و تخریبی اعصاب می‌باشد که روی سامانه اعصاب مرکزی (مغز، نخاع) و اعصاب بینایی تأثیر می‌گذارد. به صورت کوتاه می توان گفت ام-اس؛ التهاب در برخی از نواحی ماده سفید سامانه اعصاب مرکزی در لکه‌های تصادفی که پلاک نام دارد، رخ می‌دهد. این موضوع منجر به تخریب میلین (ماده پروتئینی ـ چربی) که محافظ فیبرهای سلول عصبی در مغز و نخاع می‌باشد، می شود. میلین باعث جابجائی پرشتاب و یکپارچه پیام‌های الکتروشیمیایی بین مغز، نخاع و بدن می شود هنگامی که میلین آسیب می‌بیند، جابجائی عصبی پیام‌ها کندتر می‌شود و منجر به کاهش عملکرد می شود. ام-اس به عنوان یک بیماری خود ایمنی در نظر گرفته می‌شود که بیشتر در افراد جوان بروز می‌کند. سامانه ایمنی به میلین و سلول‌های الیگو دندروسیت‌ها که میلین را می‌سازند، حمله می‌کنند. شیوع ام-اس در دو دهه گذشته افزایش یافته است. جدیدترین ویژگی همه گیر این بیماری می تواند به عوامل محیطی مانند کمبود ویتامین D، تابش اشعه ماوراء بنفش با طول موج کوتاه، عفونت‌های ویروسی، افزایش سن و مکان‌هایی با عرض جغرافیایی بالا باشد. چندین داروی موثر و درمان‌های تعریف شده برای بیماران ام-اس برای کاهش شتاب پیشرفت این بیماری ارائه شده است. درک ساز و کار مولکولی این بیماری همراه با پیشرفت پژوهشهای سلول‌‎های بنیادی می‌تواند امید برای کسانی که از این بیماری رنج می‌برند را به ارمغان آورد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

New Scientific Findings on Multiple Sclerosis Disease

نویسندگان [English]

  • Naser Parsa 1
  • Zohreh .S Hosseini 2
1 National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, USA
2 Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Multiple Sclerosis or Muscular Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that affects the central nervous system (brain, spinal cord) and optic nerve. During an MS attack, inflammation occurs in areas of the white matter of the central nervous system in random patches called plaques. This leads to destruction of fatty-protein (myelin) protecting nerve cell fibers in the brain and spinal cord. Myelin allows for the smooth, high speed transmission of electrochemical messages between the brain, spinal cord and the body. When myelin is damaged, neurological transmission of messages may be slowed, resulting in diminished function. MS is considered an autoimmune disease that most often affects young adults. The immune system attacks myelin and oligodendrocytes cells that make myelin. An increased incidence of MS has been observed over the past two decades. The most recent epidemiological features possibly associated with environmental risk factors such as a vitamin D deficit, low life-long ultraviolet radiation, viral infection, aging and the high-latitude locations. Several effective drugs and complimentary therapies have been provided for MS patients to slow down the progression of their disabling disease. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of this dreadful disease along with progression of stem cells research may bring hope for those who suffer from MS disease.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Muscular Sclerosis
  • Nervous System
  • Myelin
  • Degenerative Factors
  • Therapy
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