مروری بر تجربه‌های نوآوری‌های مردمی در برخی از کشورها

نوع مقاله : مقاله ترویجی

نویسنده

دانشیار مرکز تحقیقات سیاست علمی کشور

چکیده

نوآوری‌های مردمی راه‌حل‌هایی اجتماع‌محور هستند که برای پاسخگویی به نیازهای جامعه‌ بومی ارائه ‌می‌شوند. کار با دانش محلی در برخورد افراد با هم و چالش‌های محیطی توسعه می‌یابد؛ نوآوری‌های مردمی آسان و کمهزینه هستند و به‌کارگیری و تکرار آنها ساده است؛ انگیزه این نوع نوآوری، به‌دست آوردن سود یا تجاری‌سازی نیست، بلکه اصل مهم حفظ هویت یا فرهنگ است. نوآوری‌های مردمی معمولاً غیررسمی و بومی هستند و توسط مردم عادی که هیچ تجربه‌ای در بخش‌های رسمی و سازماندهی ‌شده ندارند، برای دستیابی به توسعه پایدار انجام می‌شود. هدف این مقاله آشنایی با نوآوری‌های مردمی در دیگر کشورهای جهان است. در این مقاله از روش مطالعه اسنادی بهره گرفتیم.
در مقاله حاضر، نوآوری‌های مردمی در کشورهای هند، برزیل و آرژانتین که آغازگر جنبش‌های نوآوری‌های مردمی بوده بررسی شده و نگاهی گذرا بر نوآوری‌های مردمی در کشورهایی مانند مالزی، چین، آفریقای جنوبی، انگلستان و ... افکنده‌ایم. نوآوری‌های مردمی اغلب برای خدمت به اهداف محلی و یا حل مشکلات محلی شکل می‌گیرند. دو مؤلفه «سبز بودن» (توجه به محیط‌زیست) و «کم هزینه بودن» از مهم‌ترین مؤلفه‌های نوآوری‌های مردمی است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

An Overview of Grassroots Innovation Experiences in Some Countries

نویسنده [English]

  • Akram Ghadimi
Associate Prof, National Research Institute for Science Policy
چکیده [English]

Grassroots innovations are community-based solutions which are provided to respond to the needs of the local community. Working with local knowledge will be developed with people’s interaction with each other and environmental challenges; grassroots innovations are easy and inexpensive, and easy to apply and replicate; the motivation for this type of innovation is not profit or commercialization, but the important principle in this type of innovation is preserving identity & culture. Grassroots innovations are usually informal, indigenous and local, and carried out by ordinary people who have no experiences in the formal and organized sectors to achieve sustainable development. The purpose of this paper is getting acquainted with grassroots innovations in other countries. In this study, we used the documentary method. We are going to examine the grassroots innovations in India, Brazil and Argentina, which were primers of grassroots innovation movements, and have taken a brief look at the grassroots innovations in countries such as Malaysia, China, South Africa, and England. Grassroots innovations are often formed to serve local goals or solve local problems. The two components of "greenness" (attention to the environment) and "low cost" are the most important components of popular innovations.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Innovation
  • Popular Innovations
  • Problem Solving. Sustainable Development
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