اخلاق آب و حقوق طبیعت

نوع مقاله : مقاله ترویجی

نویسنده

گروه جغرافیای طبیعی، دانشکده جغرافیای دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

امروزه، کمبود یک چارچوب اخلاقی پذیرفته شده جهانی، یک خلأ قابل‌توجه در گفتمان بین­المللی آب ایجاد نموده است. با وجود پیشرفت­های اخیر در گسترش مرزهای اخلاقی، هنوز جایی برای حقوق طبیعت در حوزه اخلاقی باز نشده است. بحران­های کنونی آب در دنیا نتیجه بی­توجهی به اصول اخلاقی آب است. توجه به اخلاق آب که هسته آن عدالت اجتماعی، امانت­مداری آب و حقوق محیط­زیست است، حلقه ارزشی مفقوده حوزه کنونی آب است. بی­میلی­های اخیر نسبت به مقابله با تغییرات آب‌و‌هوایی و گرمایش جهانی، نحوه برخورد با رودخانه­ها، سفره­های زیرزمینی، تالاب‌ها و دریاچه­ها مدت‌هاست که بیشتر براساس مصلحت حاکم بوده است تا توجه به اصول اخلاقی. اخلاق آب بر این باور استوار است که پاسخگویی به مشکلات کنونی آب، مستلزم توجه به مسائل ارزشی و فرهنگی است. اتخاذ اصول اخلاقی آب به‌عنوان بعد دیگر توسعه پایدار، نشان­دهنده یک تغییر تاریخی از رویکرد اقتصادمحور به‌سمت یک رویکرد کل­نگر و ترویج دموکراسی آب است. این نگارش قصد دارد مروری اجمالی بر اصول اخلاقی آب در زمینه مدیریت آب رودخانه­ها، سدها، کشاورزی، شرب، صنعت و حکمرانی داشته باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Water Ethics and the Rights of Nature

نویسنده [English]

  • Seiyed Mossa Hosseini
Physical Geography Department, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Today, the lack of a globally accepted ethical framework has created a significant lack in the international water discourse. Despite the recent significant progress in the development of ethical boundaries, there is still no room for the rights of nature in the ethical domain. The current water crisis is the result of neglecting the ethical principles of water. Paying attention to water ethics, whose core is social justice, water stewardship and environmental rights, along with economic and political issues, is the missing value link in the current water field. The recent reluctance to deal with climate change and global warming, how to deal with rivers, aquifers, wetlands and lakes has long been more based on expediency than on ethical principles. Water ethics is based on the belief that responding to current water problems requires attention to cultural and value issues. Adopting the ethical principles of water as another dimension of sustainable development indicates a historical shift from an economy-oriented approach to an integrated approach and to promote water democracy. This article aims to give a brief overview of the water ethics in the field of water management of rivers, dams, agriculture, drinking, industry and governance.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Water Ethics
  • Water Scarcity Crisis
  • Environmental Governance
  • Integrated Water Resources Management
  • Rights of Nature
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