زالوی طبی: داروخانه زنده

ملک, معصومه; موسوی موحدی, علی اکبر

زالوی طبی: داروخانه زنده

نوع مقاله : مقاله ترویجی

نویسندگان

¹ گروه علوم جانوری،دانشکده زیست شناسی، پردیس علوم، دانشگاه تهران

² مرکز تحقیقات بیوشیمی و بیوفیزیک، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

در مقاله پیش رو، ضمن اشاره به انواع زالوی طبی و اهمیت آنها، به تاریخچه زالودرمانی که با فراز و نشیب ها درجهان مواجه بوده، پرداخته می شود. استفاده از زالوی طبی در قرن نوزدهم به اوج خود رسید که سبب انقراض جمعیت زالوی طبی در بسیاری از کشورهای غربی، رکود زالودرمانی مشاهده شد. با جداسازی هیرودین از غدد بزاقی، زالوی طبی و خواص بزاق آن در درمان بیماری های قلبی-عروقی، پیوند اعضا و جراحی پلاستیک مجددا بصورت علمی مورد استقبال قرار گرفت. در کشور ما نیز زالوی طبی توسط پزشکان به نامی نظیر ابن سینا، رازی، جرجانی، عقیلی علوی شیرازی در درمان بیماری ها مورد استفاده قرار گرفته است. زالوی طبی در سازمان غذا و داروی وزارت بهداشت، درمان و آموزش پزشکی ایران بعنوان فرآورده سنتی مصوب شده و شیوه عمل استفاده از آن در سال 1398 در کمیته ملی زالوی طبی مستقر در این سازمان تصویب شده است. از فعالیت های انجام شده در دانشگاه تهران در رابطه با زالوی طبی می توان برگزاری دو همایش بین المللی و اولین استارت آپ ویکند زالوی طبی و صنایع وابسته، برگزاری 15 کارگاه آموزشی ملی و بین المللی تکثیر و پرورش زالوی طبی، اولین کارگاه آموزش مسئولین فنی، ایجاد منطقه حفاظت شده زالوی طبی، پیگیری ایجاد کمیته ملی و تاسیس اولین مرکز مکانیزه تکثیر و پرورش زالوی طبی را برشمرد. درحال حاضر با مشکلات متعددی از جمله ورود زالوی قاچاق از سایر کشورها، برداشت بی رویه از طبیعت که موحب انقراض زالوی طبی خواهد شد و همچنین ورود زالوهای آلوده به مراکز درمانی می شود، تغذیه زالوهای پرورشی با خون آلوده، عدم پوشش بیمه زالودرمانی، عدم پوشش بیمه مراکز تکثیر و پرورش زالوی طبی روبه رو هستیم که می باید معضلات فوق با توجه ویژه و مدیریت پیشرفته گشایش یابد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

20.1001.1.2008935.1400.12.1.9.5

عنوان مقاله [English]

Medicinal Leeches: Alive Pharmacy

نویسندگان [English]

Masoumeh Malek ¹
Ali Akbar Moosavi-Movahedi ²

¹ Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran

² Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

چکیده [English]

In the present article, while referring to different types of medicinal leeches and their importance, the history of world leech therapy with its inconsistency are discussed. The application of medicinal leeches reached its peak in the nineteenth century, and consequently led to the extinction of their populations in many Western countries, and then there was a drop of leech therapy. By isolating Hirudin from salivary glands, leech saliva complex compounds were again significantly welcomed in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, organ transplantation and plastic surgery. In Iran, medicinal leeches have been used for treatment of different diseases by well-known Ancient Scientists such as Avicina, Razi, Jorjani and Aghili Alavi Shirazi.
Medicinal leeches were approved as a traditional product by the Food and Drug Administration of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education of Iran, and the instructions for its use were approved in 2019 in the National Committee of Medicinal Leeches. Some activities carried out at the University of Tehran about the medicinal leeches include: organizing two International Conference and startup weekend on Medicinal Leeches, offering 15 national and international training workshops on reproduction and breeding of medicinal leeches, the first training workshop for technical officers, establishing a protected area for medicinal leeches, pursuing the establishment of a National Committee and constituted the first automated center for reproduction and breeding of medicinal leeches. Currently, leech industry is facing many issues, including the illegal import of leeches from abroad, lack of control on leech overfishing from the natural habitats, which led to the extinction of medicinal leeches, as well as the supplying the medical and health centers with infected leeches, feeding reared leeches with contaminated blood, no- insurance coverages of leech treatment, and medicinal leech farms. The above problems should be solved with special attention and advanced management.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Medicinal leech
Hirudo orientalis
Leech therapy
Enzymes
Traditional products

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